The Health Care Puzzle :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Health Care Puzzle Social insurance in the United States has improved monstrously during the previous century. Improved innovation has at last permitted us to dispose of destructive illness from our general public. Sadly, the innovation is costly and has put money related weights upon the consideration recipients. No longer can a working class American bear the cost of the galactic charges for lifesaving tasks in the emergency clinic. Along these lines, medical coverage, similar to vehicle protection, flood protection or fire protection, has been built up to guarantee its member that the person in question can be given the most ideal consideration. Numerous loathsome stories by typical individuals have demonstrated that it hasn't occurred. Merited social insurance has not been given, and many guaranteed members have endured along these lines. The issues of human services in the United States include: addressing of cost decrease strategies, claims of death and injury, rivalry between medical clinics the mselves, and legitimate provisos in the framework. It's no big surprise that clinical consideration frameworks are under such examination. One framework specifically that has abused the framework is the HMO, or Health Maintenance Organizations, an open supplier which powers their patient to look over an arrangement of their doctors. Since their foundation, HMOs have continuously diminished the nature of patient social insurance essentially, particularly in emergency clinics. Discussions over the human services gave by HMOs have emerged by and large. For a disturbing dominant part, associations like the HMO are the main reasonable choice for giving medicinal services. Since a great many people would never bear the cost of such expenses as costly medical procedures, they have gone to HMOs to furnish them with care, paid by means of a month to month premium. An assortment of administrations can be offered to patients in a single natural spot. What's more, the specialists are acceptable on the grounds that they are screened before acknowledgment by other qualifying doctors. Strategies are additionally given all the more dispassionately, due to no additional charge motivating forces for the doctors in prepaid projects, where the objective is to bring down expenses. Likewise, costs are about the equivalent for each visit, and guarantee structures are kept at the very least. Another favorable position of organizations like HMO is that there is a commonality bet ween the doctors of the HMO gathering. Authorities of various sorts can identify with one another in light of the fact that they are in a helpful workplace. Interestingly, detriments exist with these wellbeing suppliers. Since patients rely upon them for care, they should confide in the HMO too. This implies their wellbeing can be harmed due to a specialist's defective dynamic, rather than the patient's.

A Political and Cultural History of Jamaica Essay examples -- essays r

Arranged only south of Cuba in the Caribbean Sea, Jamaica is notable as a well known place of interest and the origin of reggae music. Populated at first by local Arawak Indians, who gave the island its name, â€Å"land of wood and water (Jamaica).† However, this wonderful land’s practically flawless excellence was broken by upheavals of brutality encompassing the 1980 political decisions. This battling was started by the people’s question of the decision communist gathering at that point. The explanations behind this battling and this doubt are not straightforward, they are characteristically attached to the island nation’s history from the earliest starting point of its pioneer period 500 years prior. The island was first found by Christopher Columbus on his second journey in 1494 and turned into a state of Spain in 1509. They established the town currently known as Spanish Town and it was the capital of the island until the 1800s. Under the Spanish, the local Arawak Indians ceased to exist as a result of subjugation and infection, and Africans were gotten to work in their place. The Spanish governed the nation until 1655 when Sir William Penn of the British caught the state forcibly. It was later tuned over lawfully under the Treaty of Madrid in 1670(Jamaica). When the British oversaw the island, improvement was quick. The enterprises of sugar stick and other horticultural assets were expanded, along these lines making a bigger interest for African slaves. Because of this blast of development in the late seventeenth century, Jamaica got one of the biggest slave exchanging focuses the world. The slave exchange was led out of the city of Port Royal, put on the map for being a safehouse of the privateer Blackbeard, until the city was wrecked by a tremor in 1692. The demolition of Port Royal prompted th... ...aesthetic). The country of Jamaica has had a rich social and political history. From the island’s days as a settlement up until today it has demonstrated that its kin are versatile, enthusiastic, and have a very significant level of national pride. IT has been demonstrated that the brutality that defaced the appointment of 1980 was not due to the government’s brief tease with socialism, however with progressively basic issues. It has been indicated that the historical backdrop of the island has been affected by a few occurrences of comparable savage upheavals coming about because of an open sentiment of dissatisfaction with the rulers at that point. From the hour of Bustamante on into the 80s and 90s, the perceived leverage has moved as a result of extreme open disappointment with the gathering in power. It is obscure whether this cycle will proceed, yet starting today, the danger of viciousness in Jamaica is an intense one.

Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert

Nineteenth century offered ascend to sensible and representative developments that were still firmly interlaced with dreams making greater vagueness and inner conflict. In view of on the genuine story, Flaubert’s Madame Bovary was frequently considered for instance of a sentimental novel as a result of the hero daydream points of view, relations and perspectives to individuals. Notwithstanding, the novel is additionally observed as the practical portrayal in light of the fact that the writer resorts to speaking to sentimental dreams that keep the fundamental champion from living in a serious reality.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More in such manner, sentimentalism is intensely assaulted by verisimilitude and dissatisfaction that were experienced by Emma Bovary in her endeavors to fabricate a conjured up universe loaded with energy, feeling, and excellence (Flaubert 1033). The creator centers around character advancement to uncover the inner conflict of the plot and gives reasonable subtleties getting representative considering sentimental downturn. The character improvement in the story is introduced through Emma’s acknowledgment of the blemish of the world. She lives in a bogus reality that wins in her creative mind revealed through social methods of dreams. The courageous woman is unequipped for recognizing the dream and reality, among over a wide span of time; she likewise has a bogus creative mind about man. In this way, the creator utilizes authenticity to make Emma understand that the world is certifiably not a sentimental tale; it is overpowered with issues and schedules (Thornton 982). Review the novel as a showdown among sentimentalism and authenticity, the novel, then again, gives sentimental and illusionary world made by Emma Bovary to disengage herself from the real world. Then again, authenticity despi te everything rules in the novel since all fantasies and most extreme desires are broken at long last. The world encompassing the courageous woman is practical in light of the fact that reason assumes responsibility for feeling. In this regard, Emma’s specific dreams directed by her social foundation keeps her from tolerating the reality. In spite of the way that the novel is perceived as a sensible artistic work, Flaubert’s journey of twists and figments lead to the possibility that the work itself is a dissent against the bluntness of the presence. Such a relation produces more considerations on the idea of the novel’s thoughts and experiences (Doering 80). Flaubert’s profound hatred for reality doesn't permit him to be disconnected and unconcerned enough for communicating tasteful separation. The writer’s instability between pompous objectivity and energetic subjectivity keeps him from revealing his full association to the reasonable inclination s of the nineteenth century (Doering 80). Henceforth, the champion is increasingly fixated on her sentimental undertakings; her yearning to go past the set up the truth is inconceivable on the grounds that the edges inside she lives don't permit her to transform her fictional universe into reality. While thinking about the substance of Flaubert’s thoughts, Doering states that â€Å"the sentimental decree of the individual’s right to joy demonstrated deceptive in light of the fact that for him bliss itself end up being an illusion† (79). This despairing later transformed into cynicism and acknowledgment of good isolation, as the author knows that genuine has no significance. In spite of referenced cases of sentimentalism, the novel despite everything broadcasts that this development was bit by bit stifled by sensible waves.Advertising Looking for article on writing dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re In the novel, the author likewise manages a noteworthy scholarly measurement through the showcase of sensible subtleties. In spite of the way that Flaubert the ace of authenticity, he despite everything alludes to reality with respect to a state of takeoff for maker. While endeavoring to render the excellence of the perfect world, the author additionally utilizes practical subtleties to start the peruser into allegorical and sentimental components of the disguised world made by Madame Bovary. Her bogus dreams are unequivocally spoken to through reasonable exactness giving a ground to imagery that frames the center pith of the novel (Black 177). Subsequently, the fundamental heroine’s shrouded world is loaded with energy, feeling; it is unreasonably perfect for the real world, however it makes Emma be shielded from the fatigue and existentialistic propensities of the nineteenth century’s society. Simultaneously, the perfect she makes doesn't fill in her existence wit h sense since she is a steady and edgy inquiry of the obscure, of something that doesn't really exist. Taking everything into account, it very well may be expressed that, in spite of the fact that the creator has presented notes of sentimentalism in the novel, the center of work is as yet centered around the ascent of practical propensities that smother any showcases of enthusiasm, feeling, and magnificence. The announcement of reason is as yet joined by the author’s unbending showdown to reality that doesn't furnish individuals with option to be upbeat and free in deciding. All the more significantly, the built up irresoluteness makes the novel much progressively reasonable and convincing as it add to better understanding why the time of sentimentalism was smothered. Utilizing figurative measurements and turning to the portrayal of reasonable subtleties, Flaubert makes a symphonious pair where sentimental spirits serve to render the imagery of the novel plot just as the auth or’s disillusionment with the appearance of the authenticity. Works Cited Black, L. C. â€Å"Madame Bovary†: The Artist and the Ideal. School Literature. 12.2 (1985), pp. 176-183 Doering, Bernard. Madame Bovary and Flaubert’s Romanticism. School Literature. 8.1 (1981): pp. 1-11.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. In The Norton Anthology: Western Literature Volume 2. Ed. Sara Lawall. US: W Norton. Thornton, Lawrence. The Fairest of Them All: Modes of Vision in Madame Bovary. Current Language Association. 93.5 (1978): 982-991. This paper on Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert was composed and put together by client Mustafa H. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Water An Overlooked Essential Nutrient - 825 Words

Water: An Overlooked Essential Nutrient (Essay Sample) Content: Water: An overlooked essential nutrient Student’s name Institutional Affiliation Water: An overlooked essential nutrient Hydration in the body is the achievement of water levels in all tissues according to the requirements. Hydration can be achieved through various ways, either by intake of fluids such as water, beverages or by clinical infusion of intravenous fluids when there is severe dehydration. Hydration is essential since it optimizes various chemical processes in the body which require water molecules in order to take place optimally. Additionally, it is a major contributor towards regulation of blood pressure, digestion and excretion of toxic substances from the body through the kidney, liver and sweat glands. On the other hand, it is required for metabolism and temperature regulation. Usually, water contains mineral salts that are necessary for the body such potassium, sodium, chlorides and fluoride among others (Kenney,Wilmore , Costill, & Wilmore, 2012). Currently, hydration can be achieved through oral intake of water and other fluids that have been enhanced to become a source of energy such as Gatorade and Powerade. These drinks have sucrose, salt, citric acid, dextrose, and flavors. Therefore, they are mostly used as a sports drink. However, there are advantages and disadvantages for each of these drinks towards the human health. In reality, water can be consumed by everyone, but the other enhanced beverages may not be consumed by everyone due to various health conditions in which a particular group of people is advised otherwise. Furthermore, there are differences from each with regard to sources, cost, advantages, and disadvantages of consuming any of them. It is stipulated that water makes about 60% of the total body weight. Due to the numerous processes in the body that utilize water, some of it is continuously lost through various ways. This calls for a daily replacement to keep it at recommended levels in the body. The recommended water intake per day for adults is approximately 3 liters for males and about 2.5 liters for females. The reason for high requirements in men is because they have more muscle mass than their counterparts which leads to high metabolism rate and water consumption. However, these amounts may be greater in some instances depending on the physical activities undertaken by individuals. As well, the water provides the body with the necessary mineral salts. Sodium is crucial for the regulation of blood pressure and muscle contraction and relaxation. A 3.5 to 5.0 mmol of potassium is also required for proper functioning of the heart and calcium for nerve impulse transmission, bone, and teeth strength. These minerals can equally be obtained from Gatorade and Powerade albeit in different amounts. Water is readily available, and the bottled water that is commercially sold is relatively cheap than the other drinks. Intake of water has no restrictions since th e body has its own mechanisms of getting rid of the excess water through diuresis and sweating. In contrast, Gatorade and Powerade are composed of sucrose, dextrose, mineral salts, vitamins, flavoring agents, coloring agents and citric acid. For this reason, their cost is relatively higher than that of bottled water. In addition, they are commonly used in sports and rarely taken in instances where there is no physical activity carried out. The reason for this is because their primary purpose is to replenish water and lost energy during the physical activity. Gatorade and Powerade are manufactured by Gatorade and Coca-Cola companies respectively, and these products are available to the public in supermarkets and ordinary shops. They are suitable for electrolyte replacement. While undertaking physical activities, electrolytes are lost together with water from the body. Hence it is necessary that they are replaced to prevent muscle cramps and dehydration. Sugars in them are a source o f energy required for these activities. Regardless of these advantages, there are also numerous disadvantages of using these energy giving drinks. First, they are very expensive and can be too costly for an institution or an individual who uses them on a regular basis. Secondly, the contents in these drinks are not recommended to be consumed for everyone, unlike water. Some people have medical conditions in which sugar, mineral salts and other ingredients of these drinks are contraindicated. For instance, diabetic individuals are not supposed to consume sugary substances as these since they can aggravate their condition. High mineral salts in them can lead to a rise in blood pressure in people who are susceptible which may eventually lead to a stroke. Food colors in these drinks are known to be risk facto...

The Era Of Romanticism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 957 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Romanticism Essay Did you like this example? The Romanticism Period, refers to the cultural movements that occurred in Europe, and America from 1770 to the 1860s. In this era, romantic authors saw themselves revolting against another period called the Age of Reason which began in the 1700s and ended in 1770. The Romantic Period came after the Age of Enlightenment, which really had an emphasis on logic, reason and science. The Romantic Period was a deviation from that. In Romantic literature, we see a prominence on emotions, imaginations and intuitions elements of humanity that can challenge reason. The era before Romanticism weakened the religious stronghold on society, Romantics were not very concerned with devotion, but rather were interested in experimentation with religion in an esthetical manner. Many artists, writers and visual artists alike, used religious imagery and themes in their works, but did not necessarily consider their works to have Christian or religious associations. As with the era before it, people of the Romantic period expressed doubt in a higher holiness. Romantic poets cultivated individualism, reverence for the natural world, idealism, physical and emotional passion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Era Of Romanticism" essay for you Create order Romantics set themselves in opposition n to the order and rationality of classical and neoclassical artistic principles to embrace liberty and revolution in their art and politics. No other period in English literature exhibits more diversity in style, theme, and substance than the Romantic Movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Additionally, no period has been the topic of so much disagreement and misperception over its essential principles and aesthetics. Romantics stressed the admiration of nature in art and language and the involvement of sublimity through a link with nature. Romantics rejected the rationalization of nature by the previous thinkers of the Enlightenment period. People desired magic and a retreat from real-life, particularly in the second half of the eighteenth century. Industrialization was leaving its residue in the cities and in the world. Many wished and that the Revolution would bring a remedy for the difficulties with modern society and European development. When it did not come, they withdrew to nature and Romanticism. It became a reserve, where they could vision a better world, revel in the past and imagine their time away. The eruption of the French Revolution almost heralded the start of Romanticism. What they had in common was the striving for liberty: liberty from an tyrannical regime and freedom from reasonableness. Several of the libertarian and abolitionist movements of the 18th and early 19th centuries were created by the romantic philosophy, the desire to be free of convention and oppression, and the new importance on the rights and self-respect of the individual (robinson,2001). Romanticism pressures self-expression and individual uniqueness, romantics believed that men and women should be guided by sincere emotions rather than the cold abstract guidelines and rites recognized by a conformist society. The conformist, who promoted, defended, and openly profited by the Revolution when they rose to power. In the period of its most active fermentation, the Romantic Movement was nothing more than a protest against conformist conventions, conformist society and morality. To be extreme and flamboyant and unusual and violent even at the risk of becoming grotesque was the desire of every young Romantic. The Romantics were, in fact, conventional origins, who were trying hard to escape from their own darkness. To contemplate Romanticism is logical to think of Victor Hugo. Hugo associated himself with the Romantic Movement that flounced through Europe and the Americas. It was a movement categorized by reliance on the mind, liberty of thought, expression, and nostalgia of nature. As early as 1828, Hugo had allied with social freedom, and the liberty of the artist. He believed that the year 1830 was as vital for poetry as it was for government. The 19th century, was known for Romanticism and Socialism. Hugo related with the Romantic Movement while it was still in its early stages, and endured faithful to the Romantic cause all throughout, it spanned over three generation. Hugo not only safeguarded his break from outdated dramatic structure but also justified the outline of the grotesque into art. Romanticism praised the genius of the extraordinary man, Hugo presented himself as the poet born of the philosophical currents that shaped Romanticism, to which the poet is a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more important than strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures (Gay,2015) . Hugo identified with the Romantic Movement and felt it was his calling. In the early 1830s, when Romanticism was just beginning. Hugos influence lay in his fictional characters, Hugo created for himself a character. Hugo believed that: Every man who writes, writes a book; this book is himself. Whether he recognizes it or not, whether he desires it or not, it is true (Dick, 2018). The things of which he wrote were about the people and for the people. He believed in the common man, and saw the poor as the legs by which the rich were able to stand. He saw in them potential and he worked hard to have this potential realized by the people. His most notable characters in Les Miserables were not of the rich or people of high-standing, but rather, of the poor and common man (Gay,2015). In conclusion, feelings and imagination are different in each person, romanticism encompasses the accentuation of the personal or diverse. Today, Romanticism can be found in a widespread of films, television, music, literature, and art. Whether it is emphasized on the eternal power of nature or an audiencers intuitive reaction to a specific medium, current society is apt with Romance in the Romantic sense. In the art world, Romanticism provides a new way to interrelate with paintings to not only capture the complexity of the human understanding, but to capture this format with desire of color and form.

Antifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter

Antifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† Hester Prynne is accused and convicted of adultery. During the puritan era women in this society had specific obligations and rights they had to maintain. By Hester having an affair and acting unladylike the community disapproved of her actions causing everyone to isolate her in her town. Due to Hester Prynne’s Isolation and the harsh judgment she received from everyone in her town, she goes through having to deal with Antifeminism acts towards her. Those who lived in the puritan era were not aware that their behavior and actions towards Hester and those who were associated with her were considered sexist. Throughout the story we see Hester deal with criticism and judgment from the community. By her paving her own way and doing what she thinks is best for her self and not sticking to the Status quo, she appeared to be â€Å"fearless† and â€Å"Bold† to those in the puritan era. Because of the action s Hester Prynne’s displayed she would be considered a modern day feminist, one who believes that women and men should have equal rights. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† Hester going against what society think is acceptable for a women living during the puritan era shows how she fits the modern expectations of feminism. Once Hester is punished and convicted we slowly start seeing the change in people in her community’s behavior towards her. Throughout â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† Hester goes through theShow MoreRelatedEarly Feminism In The Scarlet Letter1421 Words   |  6 PagesHawthorne highlights the habitual societal conflict of surfacing gender equality ideology throughout The Scarlet Letter. The typical female role in society during the mid-seventeenth century was to be a caretaker. Hester Prynne’s sentence for breaking this stereotype through adultery is to wear a large, red letter A on her chest. Hawthorne uses Hester’s character to add c haracteristics of early feminism. For example, Hester not only takes on the so called male and female role put in place by society atRead MoreEmbracing a Feminist Nature: A Theory Essay1812 Words   |  8 Pagesempowerment for women, in retrospect to the interpretations of his views on feminism of the timeframe, or a woman oppressed by her sins under the tyranny of puritanical injustice. While some argue for Hester’s feminist virtues without closer introspection of her literary creator, much could be discerned regarding Hester’s feminine presence by speculating that Hawthorne wrote Hester as the feminine version of himself trapped within the injustices of a patriarchal world. There is no doubt, that by entertaining

Small Animal Diseases Essay Example For Students

Small Animal Diseases Essay Louise Pasteur, a Frenchman who was neither a physician nor a veterinarian moved into the spotlight to help find a vaccine for Rabies. He began the study of Rabies when two rabid dogs were brought into his laboratory. One of the dogs suffered from the dumb form of the disease: his lower jaw hung down, he foamed at the mouth, and his eyes had a rather vacant look. The other dog was furious: he snapped, bit any object held out to him, and let out frightening howls (McCoy 65). Through the studies already observed, rabies was transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal, and that the incubation period varied from a few days to several months. Beyond this, nothing definite was known. Then M. Bouley, a professor of veterinary science, noted a germ or organism in the saliva of a rabid dog. Pasteur confirmed Bouleys findings by collecting some mucus from a child bitten by a rapid dog, and injecting it into rabbits. The results of this experiment ended with all the rabbits dying within 36 hours. This experiment established two facts: an organism was present in the saliva of rabid animals, and it could be transmitted to another animal or a human being through a bite (McCoy 66). Further research led Pasteur to the conclusion that the rabies organism was located in other parts of the infected animals body besides its saliva. Experiments on the skulls of rabid dogs shoed that the brain contained the rabies virus. Pasture then cultured some viruses from several rabid dogs brains. The virus was then injected into rabbits. In every case the rabies would appear within 14 days (McCoy 67). After several experiments, Pasteur went on to perfect a rabies vaccine. He first demonstrated to physicians and veterinarians that the rabies could be cultured from the brains of living dogs. Pasteur successfully proved that his antirabies vaccine could now be safely administered and animals could be vaccinated against the disease. Once the vaccine was perfected, Pasteur turned the task of finding a vaccine for human patients. After considerable research and patients, Pasteur eventually developed a human vaccine against rabies. The vaccine would be given through a system of inculcations and would prevent the disease in a patient recently bitten by a rapid dog (McCoy 67). This system became known as the Pasteur Treatment for rabies. Although there is still no cure for this disease in animals or humans, the disease can be prevented if the vaccines are given early enough. The most recent update for rabies, is how the vaccination is administered. The vaccine now only has to be given every three years to animals who had already been vaccinated once when they were puppies or kittens. Coccidiosis is an infection of microscopic parasites called coccidia that invade the intestines of dogs and cats. The most common type of coccidia in dogs is Isospora canis, while cats are most frequently affected by Isospora felis (Vet Centric 1). Coccidiosis rarely affects a healthy dog or cat, but it can lead to gastrointestinal problems and death in sick adult animals. Puppies and kittens also are at risk for serious infection. Animals that are affected by a coccidia may experience problems such as watery diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, dehydration, anorexia, decreased or absent appetite, abdominal pain, anemia, mental depression, and in severe cases death. To diagnose coccidiosis, a fecal flotation examination identical to the roundworm fecal exam is performed. Coccidia may be difficult to detect because these parasites are much smaller than the roundworm eggs and from all other eggs passed from worms (Vet Centric 1). Transmission of coccidia begins when coccidia, are passed in the feces from an infected dog or cat into another animals environment, where they can develop and be consumed by another animal. Transmission also can occur when a dog or cat eats a rodent that has been infected with the parasite. The prognosis for an animal that has a healthy immune system is good. For puppies, kittens, and older animals that have a weak immune system, the prognosis is poor without treatment and death may occur. With treatment, however, the prognosis is good. The key to prevention is proper sanitation and an environment free of feces. Once the parasites pass in the feces, they quickly develop into the infective stage. Mature parasites are very dangerous because they are resistant to most cleaning products and they can survive for months to years. The use of ammonia and steam cleaning also helps kill the infectious parasites. Dogs and cats should not be permitted to eat rodents because of the high probabil ity of them being carriers of the parasites. The treatment of infected canine and feline mothers soon after parturition may help prevent the spread of coccidia to the young (Vet Centric 1). Right now there are not any medicines that will kill coccidia. But there are medicines called Sulfa drugs, which can inhibit coccidial reproduction. Once the disease stops expanding, it is easier for the patients immune system to fight the disease away. This also means, that the time it takes to clear the infection depends on how many coccidia organisms there are to start with and how strong the patients immune system is. A typical treatment course lasts about a week or two but the medication should be given until the diarrhea stops plus an extra couple of days. Medication should be given for at least five days total (Vet Centric 2). Cats can be infected with feline corona virus, a contagious virus that runs the risk of developing feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Kittens may be more susceptible to developing FIP because their immune systems are less developed, and there may be a genetic predisposition for purebred kittens to get the disease. FIP is a rare and deadly form of a corona virus. In most cases, the corona virus itself is not serious, but FIP is usually fatal. FIP causes the cats immune system to attack its own cells, damaging blood vessels throughout the body. Without adequate blood flow, many of the bodys organs can be severely damaged and go into some kind of failure. Once a cat shows signs of FIP they generally die from it quickly (Vet Centic 3). There are two forms of FIP; both of them are equally life threatening. The effusive, or wet, form occurs when fluid is produced in the body. Signs of effusive FIP are a swollen abdomen, fever, weight loss, and breathing difficulties. Clinical signs of th e effusive form of FIP can vary, but typically include, depression, anorexia, weight loss, fever, dyspnea, and tachypnea. The second form, which is non-effusive, or dry, can lead to neurological disorders such as seizures and brain damage. The signs of non-effusive FIP are similar to effusive FIP with the exception of eye problems, a yellow color to the eyes or skin, and neurological signs such as difficulty walking and seizures. The clinical signs of non-effusive FIP may include pyrexia, weight loss, depression, anorexia, ocular lesions, icterus, and neurological signs such as ataxia and seizures (Vet Centric 3). FIP is a frustrating disease to veterinarians and animal owners. It is not yet understood why certain cats with the corona virus develop FIP while others do not. There is no cure or a completely effective vaccine for this fatal illness. There is not even a diagnostic procedure, short of an autopsy, that will determine the presence of FIP; resulting in diagnosis which is ba sed on suspicion and clinical signs. The FIP virus can be transmitted during grooming, through the ingestion of infected feces, from sneezing, and from close contact with items such as litter boxes and food bowls used by cats with the disease. The virus can survive in the environment in dry conditions for long periods of time. Less commonly, a mother cat can pass on the disease to her unborn kittens through nursing. The way newborn kittens from infected mothers are handled from birth determines whether they will become infected with the corona virus. One to two weeks before delivery, the birthing area should be kept free of cats and should be disinfected with a bleach solution made by adding one part bleach to 31 parts water. If the mother cat tests positive for the corona virus, the newborns should be removed from her at five to six weeks of age to prevent infection; before this time period, they will be protected from the disease by the mothers antibodies (Vet Centric 3). To dete rmine if a cat has FIP is never 100% accurate, but the correct way to eliminate other thoughts of diseases is by taking a thorough history, performing a complete physical examination of the cat and taking blood tests that detect abnormalities in body organs, such as the kidney or liver. For cats that have symptoms of effusive FIP, a diagnostic procedure requires taking a sample of the fluid that is building up within the cats abdomen and testing this for analysis of the cell types and protein content present within the fluid. For cats that show signs of the dry form of the disease, an organ biopsy of the kidneys and lymph nodes can be taken and sent to a pathologist to look for the microscopic changes that occur in cats with FIP. This procedure is not always recommended because it creates stress that can worsen a sick cats condition. At this time, there are no specific diagnostic tests except for an autopsy that can determine whether a cat has FIP. The blood tests that are available simply determine if the cat has been exposed to the corona virus. Exposure to the corona virus, however, does not mean necessarily that the animal has FIP; typically, the corona virus leads to other minor disorders, such as intestinal problems like diarrhea and vomiting. Its hard to differentiate these two diseases because they are so identical in signs and symptoms. Cheever EssayThere treatments for each kind of worm that infests an animals body. For roundworm, Cina 3X, which is a wormseed, can be given one tablet at a time three times a day for at least three weeks. To help pass out the worms, a half to two teaspoons (depending on the animals size) of wheat or oat bran can be added to their daily meals. In treating tapeworms, a variety of worm discouragers can be added to the animals food such as pumpkin seeds (1/4 to 1 tsp), wheat-germ oil (1/4 to 1 tsp), and vegetable enzymes (1/4 to 1 tsp) such as figs and papaya. Also, Filix mas 3X, an herbal remedy, can be given one tablet at a time three times a day. Work CitedCarlson, Delbert and Giffen, Jamies. Cat owners home veterinary Handbook. New york,NY: Howell Book House Inc., 1986 daly, carol. caring for your sick cat. Fairgrieve, Midi. the natural way for cats and dogsMccoy, J. J The world of the veterinarian.